Innovation examples and discoveries achieved through different means

 

Serendipity:


The meaning of Serendipity in my own words, my first thoughts are about the rom-com movie by the same name with John Cusak and Kate Beckinsale and the famous ice cream parlor ‘Serendipity’ in NYC that’s also in the film.  It’s like getting a desirable fortune cookie message that comes true through bizarre circumstances and happens seemingly by chance.  An example of an innovation that occurred by chance was Velcro.  Velcro got discovered by observing how small burdock burrs stuck to the clothing of a Swiss engineer George de Mestral while on a hike, after examining the structures and replicating in a commercial application known as Velcro later adopted by NASA and now used in many applications such as sneakers, and jackets (Loria, 2018). 


Error:


My meaning for error has got to be technical errors in software and computers.  Not sure if it’s just me, but I find I’m always wrestling a computer error or filing a helpdesk ticket, restarting everything, running the anti-malware software.  Welcome to the future.  Honestly, it’s hard to believe we’re in the fourth industrial revolution with transhumanism and all when sometimes it’s difficult to do simple tasks like paying your Verizon bill online, your NFL Sunday ticket app, or the Paramount + for the football game, etc.  So imagine if the errors happen to your transhuman 4IR body – not a good thought.  An example of a mistake or error that led to the discovery was the story of Christopher Columbus.  Columbus, Rodrigo de Triana, and three Spanish ships arrived in what they by mistake thought were the West Indies, India, and China, due to lack of geographical knowledge, ended up discovering America (Wrabitsch, 2020).  Although today, I watched a video claiming that sailors were sailing worldwide for centuries before Columbus, the difference was that Columbus received the backing sponsored by the Rothchild elite bankers (Christopher, 2022).


Exaptation: 


If I described the meaning of exaptation, it would be a question mark.  I was unfamiliar with this word and had to look it up.  The opposite of error messages is intimately familiar with the terminology.  An exaptation describes a structure, feature, or trait typically in biology and evolution that assumes a different function than that derived initially by development.  An example cited that reptiles originally grew feathers for temperature regulation, and then later, the role of feathers changed to enable flight.  The word is relatively new, proposed in the 1980s by the late Stephen Jay Gould.  An opposite term would be Vestigial Structures or organs, tissues, or cells that no longer serve a function.  Some have argued that vestigial structures in humans are wisdom teeth, goosebumps, and the appendix because experts can’t identify a needed purpose or function for their existence.  A non-biological example of exaptation that led to innovation was the repurposing of modules.  For example, the magnetron, a radar component, was exaptated to compose the foundation of the microwave oven by Percy Spencer.  An engineer working at Raytheon with a radar device, Spencer noticed a chocolate bar melting in his pocket.  He began experimenting with cooking eggs and popcorn.  The discovery led to Raytheon filing a patent in 1945 for the first microwave oven (Liu et al., 2021; Loria, 2018).  

 

References:


Christopher, M. (2022). 2 Companies are propping up, 60-100% of the Global Phantom Stock Markets. #NYSE #JSE #LSE #Nasdaq M. Christopher; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pt4lCXnBMtM&t=2570s


Liu, W., Beltagui, A., & Ye, S. (2021). Accelerated innovation through repurposing: exaptation of design and manufacturing in response to COVID-19. R&D Management, 51(4), 410-426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12460 


Loria, K. (2018). These 18 Accidental And Unintended Scientific Discoveries Changed The World. Business Insider. Retrieved 2/3/2022 from https://www.sciencealert.com/these-eighteen-accidental-scientific-discoveries-changed-the-world


Wrabitsch, Y. (2020). What mistakes did Christopher Columbus make? Askinglot. https://askinglot.com/what-mistakes-did-christopher-columbus-make


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